Which financial metric measures a company’s profitability relative to its revenue?

Net profit margin is a key financial metric that measures a company's profitability relative to its revenue. It is calculated by dividing net profit (the profit remaining after all expenses, taxes, interest, and costs of goods sold have been deducted) by total revenues and is expressed as a percentage. This metric provides insight into how much profit the company generates for every dollar of revenue, reflecting the effectiveness of the company's management in controlling costs and generating sales.

This focus on profitability in relation to revenue makes net profit margin a vital tool for comparing a company's performance over time or against other firms in the same industry, allowing stakeholders to assess whether a company is operating efficiently or facing challenges that impact its bottom line.

The other profitability metrics listed provide different insights. Return on assets measures how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate profit. Gross profit margin evaluates the percentage of revenue that exceeds the cost of goods sold, focusing solely on production efficiency. Operating profit margin assesses the profitability of core operations but excludes non-operating income and expenses. While all these metrics are valuable, net profit margin specifically highlights the bottom line in relation to overall revenue, making it the most relevant choice for the question posed.